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CHAPTER 1: INFORMATION REPRESENTATION
1.1 DATA REPRESENTATION 1.1.1 Fundamental Characteristics of Number Systems Every number system has two fundamental characteristics: Base (Radix): The number of different digits that a system can use to represent numbers Place Value: The specific value o...
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING
2.1 NETWORKS INCLUDING THE INTERNET2.1.1 Introduction to Networks Definition: Networking devices are interconnected devices that enable fast data transmission within a network. Benefits of Networking: File Sharing: Easily share data between different in...
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE AND COMPUTER COMPONENTS
3.1 COMPUTERS AND THEIR COMPONENTS 3.1.1 General-Purpose Computer System A general-purpose computer system comprises: Processor (CPU): Executes instructions Memory: Stores data and instructions Input/Output (I/O): Interfaces with external world 3.1.2...
CHAPTER 4: PROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS
4.1 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) ARCHITECTURE 4.1.1 Von Neumann Model Key Concept: Data and programs are indistinguishable Can use the same memory for both Uses a single processor Follows fetch-decode-execute cycle Components: Processor (CPU) M...
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM SOFTWARE
5.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 5.1.1 Need for Operating System Definition: A set of programs designed to run in the background on a computer system. Functions: Controls operation of computer system Provides user interface Controls how computer responds to reque...
CHAPTER 6: SECURITY, PRIVACY AND DATA INTEGRITY
6.1 DATA SECURITY 6.1.1 Definitions Data Security: Ensuring data is protected against loss and unauthorized access Protection of data on computer system Data Integrity: Ensuring data is valid and does not corrupt after transmission Data is accurat...
CHAPTER 7: ETHICS AND OWNERSHIP
7.1 ETHICS AND OWNERSHIP 7.1.1 Ethics Definition: A system of moral principles that guide behaviour based on philosophical views. Computer Ethics: Regulates how computing professionals should make decisions Professional and social conduct Professiona...
CHAPTER 8: DATABASE CONCEPTS AND MANAGEMENT
8.1 DATABASE CONCEPTS 8.1.1 Limitations of File-Based Systems Disadvantages: No enforcing control on organization/structure Data repeated in different files Manual changes required in all files Sorting must be done manually or by program Data may be i...
CHAPTER 9: ALGORITHM DESIGN AND PROBLEM-SOLVING
9.1 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SKILLS 9.1.1 Abstraction Definition: The process of removing unnecessary details to focus on essential features. Need: Manage complexity Create models of real-world systems Benefits: Focus on what matters Reusable solut...
CHAPTER 10: DATA TYPES AND STRUCTURES
10.1 DATA TYPES 10.1.1 Primitive Data Types Type Description INTEGER Whole numbers REAL Decimal numbers CHAR Single character STRING Sequence of characters BOOLEAN True/False DATE Date values 10.1.2...
CHAPTER 11: PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
11.1 PROGRAMMING BASICS 11.1.1 Variables and Constants Variable Declaration: <TEXT> DECLARE variable : TYPE Constant Declaration: <TEXT> CONSTANT name ← value Assignment: <TEXT> ...
CHAPTER 12: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
12.1 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE 12.1.1 Stages Analysis: Understand problem, identify requirements Design: Create solution structure, algorithms Coding: Write actual program code Testing: Find and fix errors Maintenance: Update and improve after deli...
Assessment Overview and Tips
ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW Paper Name Duration Marks Weighting Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals 1h 30m 75 50% AS / 25% A-Level Paper 2 Fundamental Problem-solving 2h 75 50% AS / 25% A-Level Paper 3 Advanced Theory 1h 30m 75 25% ...
Checklist for AS
EXAM PREPARATION CHECKLIST Information Representation ☐ Binary, Denary, Hex conversion ☐ Two's complement representation ☐ BCD encoding ☐ ASCII vs Unicode ☐ Bitmap calculations (file size, resolution, colour depth) ☐ Vector vs Bitmap graphics ☐ Sound digitiz...
Key terms for AS
SUMMARY OF KEY TERMS Term Definition Abstraction Removing unnecessary details Algorithm Step-by-step solution BCD Binary Coded Decimal Bit Binary digit (0 or 1) Bitmap Image made of pixels Bus Data transfer pat...
CHAPTER 1: DATA REPRESENTATION
1.1 USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES 1.1.1 Introduction to User-Defined Data Types Definition: User-defined data types are data types designed by the programmer. When object-oriented programming is not being used, a programmer may choose to utilize user-defined data ...
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
2.1 PROTOCOLS 2.1.1 Introduction to Protocols Definition: A protocol is a set of rules governing communication between computers. It ensures the computers that communicate understand each other. Key Terms: MAC Address: Unique number assigned to each devi...
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE AND VIRTUAL MACHINES
3.1 RISC AND CISC PROCESSORS 3.1.1 RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) Characteristics: Fewer instructions Simpler instructions Small number of instruction formats Single-cycle instructions where possible Fixed-length instructions Only load/stor...