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6.1 DATA SECURITY 6.1.1 Definitions Data Security: Ensuring data is protected against loss and unauthorized access Protection of data on computer system Data Integrity: Ensuring data is valid and does not corrupt after transmission Data is accurat...

7.1 ETHICS AND OWNERSHIP 7.1.1 Ethics Definition: A system of moral principles that guide behaviour based on philosophical views. Computer Ethics: Regulates how computing professionals should make decisions Professional and social conduct Professiona...

8.1 DATABASE CONCEPTS 8.1.1 Limitations of File-Based Systems Disadvantages: No enforcing control on organization/structure Data repeated in different files Manual changes required in all files Sorting must be done manually or by program Data may be i...

9.1 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SKILLS 9.1.1 Abstraction Definition: The process of removing unnecessary details to focus on essential features. Need: Manage complexity Create models of real-world systems Benefits: Focus on what matters Reusable solut...

10.1 DATA TYPES 10.1.1 Primitive Data Types Type Description INTEGER Whole numbers REAL Decimal numbers CHAR Single character STRING Sequence of characters BOOLEAN True/False DATE Date values 10.1.2...

11.1 PROGRAMMING BASICS 11.1.1 Variables and Constants Variable Declaration: <TEXT> DECLARE variable : TYPE Constant Declaration: <TEXT> CONSTANT name ← value Assignment: <TEXT> ...

12.1 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE 12.1.1 Stages Analysis: Understand problem, identify requirements Design: Create solution structure, algorithms Coding: Write actual program code Testing: Find and fix errors Maintenance: Update and improve after deli...

ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW Paper Name Duration Marks Weighting Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals 1h 30m 75 50% AS / 25% A-Level Paper 2 Fundamental Problem-solving 2h 75 50% AS / 25% A-Level Paper 3 Advanced Theory 1h 30m 75 25% ...

EXAM PREPARATION CHECKLIST Information Representation ☐ Binary, Denary, Hex conversion ☐ Two's complement representation ☐ BCD encoding ☐ ASCII vs Unicode ☐ Bitmap calculations (file size, resolution, colour depth) ☐ Vector vs Bitmap graphics ☐ Sound digitiz...

SUMMARY OF KEY TERMS Term Definition Abstraction Removing unnecessary details Algorithm Step-by-step solution BCD Binary Coded Decimal Bit Binary digit (0 or 1) Bitmap Image made of pixels Bus Data transfer pat...

1.1 USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES 1.1.1 Introduction to User-Defined Data Types Definition: User-defined data types are data types designed by the programmer. When object-oriented programming is not being used, a programmer may choose to utilize user-defined data ...

2.1 PROTOCOLS 2.1.1 Introduction to Protocols Definition: A protocol is a set of rules governing communication between computers. It ensures the computers that communicate understand each other. Key Terms: MAC Address: Unique number assigned to each devi...

3.1 RISC AND CISC PROCESSORS 3.1.1 RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) Characteristics: Fewer instructions Simpler instructions Small number of instruction formats Single-cycle instructions where possible Fixed-length instructions Only load/stor...

4.1 PURPOSES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM 4.1.1 Resource Optimisation How OS Maximises Resources: CPU scheduling Memory management I/O optimisation File system management 4.1.2 User Interface Purpose: Hides complexities of hardware from user. Allows user...

5.1 ENCRYPTION AND ENCRYPTION PROTOCOLS 5.1.1 Encryption Concepts Plain Text: Original data before encryption. Cipher Text: Result of applying encryption algorithm to data. Encryption: Process of making cipher text from plain text. Key: Value used by encr...

6.1 INTRODUCTION TO AI 6.1.1 Definition Artificial Intelligence: The ability of computers to perform tasks that usually only humans would be able to do (decision-making, speech recognition, etc.). Machine Learning (ML): A subfield of AI where computers lear...